# West Virginia Economic Nexus Threshold

West Virginia's economic nexus threshold is $100,000 in sales.

## Included Transactions:
- Gross revenue including both taxable and exempt sales counts toward the $100,000 test.
- Remote sellers must include marketplace-facilitated sales when calculating their own threshold.
- The 200-transaction count is based on individual line items sold, not invoices.
- Covers tangible personal property, digital goods, and services.

## Excluded Transactions:
- Pure payment processors whose sole activity is processing payments are excluded from the marketplace facilitator definition.
- No other formal exclusion categories have been published.

## Affiliate Nexus
West Virginia maintains three overlapping non-economic nexus frameworks that can independently establish a collection obligation for remote sellers.

1. **Affiliate and Unitary Business Nexus:** This is codified under [W. Va. Code § 11-15A-6a](https://code.wvlegislature.gov/11-15A-6A/), effective January 1, 2014. An out-of-state seller has nexus in West Virginia if it is related to a West Virginia entity that:
   - (a) maintains a place of business in West Virginia,
   - (b) performs services in West Virginia for the seller's customers, or
   - (c) solicits business in West Virginia on the seller's behalf. 
   - Affiliated is defined as more than 5% direct or indirect ownership between the out-of-state seller and the in-state entity.

2. **Click-Through and Solicitor Nexus:** A rebuttable presumption of nexus arises when a seller has a commission- or fee-based agreement with a West Virginia resident who refers customers to the seller via a website hyperlink or other means. 
   - This presumption can be rebutted with evidence that the in-state resident did not engage in activities that would create nexus under applicable standards.

## Physical Nexus
Under [W. Va. Code § 11-15A-6](https://code.wvlegislature.gov/11-15A-6/), physical nexus is established when a seller maintains, directly or through a subsidiary, any office, distribution house, sales house, warehouse, or other place of business in the state.
- The presence of any agent, representative, employee, salesperson, canvasser, or independent contractor operating in West Virginia creates physical nexus, regardless of whether that individual's role is directly tied to sales activity.
- Holding [inventory in a third-party warehouse](https://tax.wv.gov/documents/administrativenotices/2018/administrativenotice.2018-18.pdf) in West Virginia independently establishes physical nexus. Any employee in the state, even if unrelated to sales, is sufficient to create a physical nexus obligation.

## Trailing Nexus
The [SST West Virginia Taxability Matrix](https://sst.streamlinedsalestax.org/TAP/form/14642) provides that once the economic nexus threshold is met, a remote seller must continue to collect and remit sales tax regardless of whether sales subsequently fall below the threshold. 
- No specific statutory trailing period has been published. The collection obligation persists until the seller affirmatively deregisters with the West Virginia Tax Division.

**Economic Nexus Threshold:**
- $100,000 in gross revenue OR 200 transactions (either triggers)

**Effective Date:**
- January 1, 2019 (administratively enforced via Administrative Notice 2018-18); July 1, 2019 (marketplace facilitator obligations took statutory effect via HB 2813)

**Evaluation Period:**
- Current or immediately preceding calendar year. Registration begins with the next transaction after crossing either threshold.

**Previous Threshold Rules:**
- Physical presence only before January 1, 2014. Affiliate and unitary business nexus codified January 1, 2014. Economic nexus administratively enforced beginning January 1, 2019.